Graduate Courses

CLASS-GA 1002 Cleopatra Between East and West: Archaeology of the Twilight of the Ptolemies
Monday 4:15-6:15, Joan Connelly
The old maxim “history is written by the victors” continues to challenge students engaged in reconciling the written record with that recovered from archaeological excavations. This is especially true for the last decades of the Hellenistic period. Our seminar focuses on the story told by material culture surviving from the first century B.C. from Alexandria in Egypt, to the eastern Mediterranean, Cyprus and the Levant, and on to Rhodes, Cyrenaica, and Rome. Looking at architecture, sculpture, ceramics, seals, coins, mosaics, metalware and other decorative arts, we will consider the intersection of Hellenistic Greek traditions, “Alexandrianism” (and the validity of this term), Egyptian cultural traditions, and those of Rome during the Late Republic. At the center of this intersection is Cleopatra VII. We will examine the written sources and epigraphic evidence for her rule within the broader contexts of what archaeology can offer in balancing this picture. Looking through the prisms of religion, demographics, social and economic histories, urbanism and the arts, we may gain new insights into the dynamics of the period and its vibrant interactions between East and West.

CLASS-GA 1009 Greek Survey
M&W 2:00-3:15, David Konstan
In this course, we will read a broad selection of ancient Greek prose works, including oratory, historiography, philosophy, biography, the novel, and Christian apologetics. All texts are drawn from the reading list. Classes will focus on close reading of select passages, so as to develop familiarity with the wide range of styles and genres. Attention will also be paid to social context, and a review of the most important scholarship on each author.

CLASS-GA 1036 The Nature of Tragedy: Philosophical Poetics of Greek Tragedy in 19th and 20th Century Thought
Tuesday 4:55-7:35 Emanuela Bianchi
Course Description: Greek tragedy has had a string of remarkable philosophical afterlives over the last two centuries. Transposed into the idiom of philosophy, tragedy also complicates the distinction between the philosophical and the poetic. Eschewing the notion that Greek tragedy offers insight into a universal human condition, in this class we will examine a series of issues, conjunctions, uptakes, and articulations related to various modern uptakes of tragedy. We will undertake close readings of Greek tragedy, with particular focus on Sophocles’ Oedipus cycle (Oedipus Tyrranos, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone) and the Oresteia (Agamemnon, Libation-Bearers, Eumenides), and look at the shape of the “ancient quarrel” between philosophy and poetry in antiquity. We will examine the role and reception of Greek tragedy in 19th century German thought (Schelling, Hegel, Nietzsche), and uptakes in 20th century French thought (Lacan, Irigaray, Cixous). Some questions on the table will be: What constitutes the lure or persistence of these tales, and can we identify something called “the tragic” as such? What becomes of the body between tragedy and philosophy? How does Greek tragedy lend itself to nationalist narratives and projects? How does tragedy work to consolidate and/or undermine patriarchal gender relations? In the course of the semester a sense of tragedy’s political and philosophical plasticity will emerge, alongside a reckoning with particular sites of 19th and 20th century thought, glimpsed through a tragic lens.

CLASS-GA 2936 Aristotle's Epistemology
Tuesday 10:00-12:00, Marko Malink and Jessica Moss
This is a survey of some of the main themes of Aristotle's epistemology. Primary readings will be drawn from Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics Book VI, On the Soul, and Posterior Analytics, with selections from other works by Aristotle, and detailed attention to secondary literature. Topics to be discussed include Aristotle's theories of belief, knowledge, and understanding; empiricism; induction vs. demonstration; practical vs. theoretical knowledge; the role of knowledge in virtue and happiness.

CLASS-GA 3000.002 Sappho and Alcaeus
Thursday 4:15-6:15, Lawrence Kowerski (Course meets at CUNY Graduate Center)
This seminar is a survey of the larger surviving fragments of poetry by Sappho and Alcaeus with attention paid to their position in the broader literary and cultural history of Greece. Throughout we will consider issues that arise when reading fragmentary poetry. We will confront modern scholarly concerns such a genre, composition, performance context, authorship, and persona. We will specifically look at the newest fragments of Sappho and the larger issues that arise from them.

CLASS-GA 3002 Greek Composition
Tuesday 4:15-6:15, David Sider
Students will translate selected English passages into idiomatic Greek of the 5th-4th centuries.

CLASS-GA 3003 Roman Geopoetics
Monday 6:30-8:30, Alessandro Barchiesi
In this class on Roman literary texts I use the term Geopoetics to describe the dynamics formed when the geography and geopolitics of the empire encounters a literary text, and the text participates to the making, mapping, renaming, and transformation of the world. The topic has analogies with modern accounts of colonization and the appropriation of places. For some examples note e.g. my papers on the Aeneid 'Trojans at Buthrotum' and 'Into the Woods' (in my academia.edu website), the book by W. Thalmann on the Argonautica, or the new book by Renaud Gagné on the cosmography of Hyperborea. The discussion will deal with texts in Latin, taken from different periods, and some texts in Greek. After some initial seminars led by the instructor on authors such as Lycophron, Virgil, Ovid, Lucan and Statius, the students will be invited to present a paper of their own, with a wide choice of texts and topics.

CLASS-GA 3004 Poetics of Early Empire
Wednesday 6:30-8:30, John Van Sickle (Course given at CUNY Graduate Center)

CLASS-GA 1002 Archaeologies of the Athenian Acropolis: Myth, Cult, Monuments, and Reception
T 10:30-12:30, Joan Connelly
This course investigates the archaeologies of the Athenian Acropolis through its transformations from early settlement, to Mycenaean citadel, to sacred precinct of Athena, to Late Antique town with Parthenon as Church of the Virgin Mary, to administrative center of Latin Duchy of Athens with Parthenon as the Cathedral Notre Dame D’Athènes, to Ottoman garrison with Parthenon as mosque and Erechtheion as Governor’s harem, to world famous ruin, to archaeological site, to iconic epicenter Western Art and Culture.
We will examine the geology, landscape, archaeoastronomy, topography, and topology of the Athenian Acropolis with an eye toward understanding the interrelation of landscape, myth, cult, and ritual. Topics include: the architectural phases of the Acropolis buildings and monuments, their programs of sculptural decoration, their relationships to one another, the foundation myths that lie behind their meanings, and the cult rituals celebrated within the sacred precinct. Issues of reception, projection, and appropriation will be examined as will the history of the conservation and reconstruction of Acropolis buildings. Longstanding efforts to secure the reunification of the Parthenon sculptures will be reviewed within the broader context of global cultural heritage law and the opening of the New Acropolis Museum.

CLASS-GA 1005 Latin Literature Imperial Literature Survey
MW 2-3:15, Alessandro Barchiesi
Survey of texts of Imperial Roman literature in Latin at graduate level. Emphasis on translation, grammar, style, coverage of major authors and works (Virgil, Seneca, Petronius, Martial, Statius, Tacitus, Juvenal, Apuleius, Claudian, Ammianus, Augustine), and on trends, approaches and methods of research. The choice will be oriented on the required readings for grad students.

CLASS-GA 1012 (LATIN 5211) Latin Rhetoric & Stylistics
W 4:15-6:15, Patrick Burns
This course offers an introduction to composition in Latin and a survey of prose styles from Cato the Elder to the Vulgate. Each week we tackle a different genus scribendi and review individual points of syntax and stylistics via practice exercises and longer compositions. It is hoped that by the end of the course students will have gained a deeper knowledge of Latin sentence structure and idiom and a greater appreciation for a broad range of prose styles in Latin.

CLASS-GA 3001 From Sentinum to Saguntum: The Rise of Rome in the Third Century B.C.
T 4:15-6:15, David Levene
One of the less documented periods in Roman history is also one of the most important. Following their victory at Sentinum over a coalition of Italian nations in 295 B.C., the Romans obtained dominance - though far from unchallenged - in central and southern Italy. Seventy-five years later, on the eve of the Second Punic War, they were not only in effective control of almost the entire Italian peninsula, but they had also made their first forays into overseas conquest and had defeated Carthage to become the most powerful empire in the Western Mediterranean. The same period saw major cultural changes at Rome, not least the first recorded Latin literature, and also economic changes, including the first introduction of Roman coinage.
In this course we will be examining the various processes that transformed Rome in so short a time from a regional force to a Mediterranean power. One major focus will be on tracing Rome's military and diplomatic engagement, both hostile and otherwise, with her potential rivals and challengers; we will also consider the way in which the Romans developed networks of power via colonies and alliances in Italy, both formal and informal. Another important question is how far the Romans had (as our sources sometimes seem to suggest) genuinely overcome the legacy of social and political discord; we will also examine the cultural relationship between Rome and her neighbours inside and outside Italy, and the various influences in both directions. We will analyze these issues in light of what are still some of the most intensely contested questions in classical scholarship, including the nature of Roman imperialism, the relationship between Rome and her colonies, the extent of aristocratic control over Roman military and political decision-making, and the reasons for the cultural shifts in the city. We will draw on the widest possible set of evidence, primarily literary, but also archaeological, epigraphic, and numismatic.

CLASS-GA 2872 Catullus
M 6:30-8:30, David Konstan
Catullus: the first romantic poet in Western literature, as Yeats seems to have thought, or a learned master of Alexandrian refinement? His brief corpus, which includes lyric poems (and a translation of Sappho), invectives, epigrams, wedding songs, a miniature epic, a proto-elegy, and a few poems that defy easy classification, survives by a slender manuscript tradition. In this seminar, we will read the entire collection, along with a selection of scholarly interpretations, exploring the multiple facets of his literary persona. Class time will be devoted to discussion and occasional reports, and a paper will be due at the end of the semester.

CLASS-GA 2987 Hesiod and the Homeric Hymns
T 6:30 PM-8:30, Philip Thibodeau (CUNY GC)
Participants in this seminar will read the Homeric hymns to Aphrodite, Apollo, Demeter, and Hermes, along with extensive selections from the Hesiodic epics: the Shield, Theogony, and Works and Days. Close attention will be paid to the influence of oral poetics on the language and narrative of the poems. We will also consider what light they shed on the cultural and historical situation of archaic Greece, and chart their contributions to Greek mythology.

CLASS-GA 3000 Race, Ethnicity, and Power in the Ancient World
TH 4:15-6:15, Jennifer Roberts (CUNY GC)
This interdisciplinary course will explore concepts of race and ethnicity in the ancient world in readings in English in both primary and secondary sources, with emphasis on the Greek, Roman, and Hellenistic worlds. No knowledge of Latin or Greek is required, although students who can read either or both of those languages may periodically wish to meet with me for close analysis of a particular text.
Greek and Latin literature is full of references to groups that the authors felt were “not like us.” The Greeks developed the term “barbarians” (people whose incomprehensible speech sounded like bar, bar, bar) for non-Greeks; their feelings about them were mixed, but for the most part they enjoyed articulating their own superiority. In addition, the individual Greek city-states were exclusive about their citizenship, not enfranchising immigrants or the children of immigrants, and a number of them had elaborate myths designed to explain the special characteristics they possessed that set them apart from, and above, others. Matters were more complicated in the later Greek world (the Hellenistic period of 323-30BCE) when the conquests of Alexander had spawned sprawling multi-ethnic empires, and the people we call “the Romans” were a very diverse group faced with a founding legend that painted them as the descendants of criminals and slaves. The Roman elite was increasingly multi-ethnic as time went on; the emperors Trajan and Hadrian were both from Spain, and reign of the African emperor Septimius Severus—who spoke Latin with an accent--ushered in an era in which emperors came from all over the Mediterranean world. Despite this diversity, Roman authors enjoyed lobbing ethnic slurs at other “nationalities.”
Profiting from our own diverse backgrounds and training, we will examine the very complex picture presented by ancient notions of race and ethnicity, and students will pursue projects that grow out of their particular backgrounds and interests.
Readings will include:
Herodotus, The Histories (any translation)
Tacitus, Germania (any translation)
Rebecca Futo Kennedy, C. Sydnor Roy, and Max Goldman, Race and Ethnicity in the Classical World: An Anthology of Primary Sources in Translation (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2013
Denise McCoskey, Race in Antiquity and Its Legacy (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2012)

CLASS-GA 3002.01 The World of Late Antiquity
M 4:15-6:15, Cristiana Sogno (Fordham)
This course offers an introduction to the history, art and culture of the Late Antique world from the third to the sixth century. We will explore the older narratives of decline in this period alongside powerful alternatives proposed by scholars more recently, drawing on both primary sources and monuments and critically examining the secondary literature that studies them.

CLASS-GA 3000.02 Papyrology
TH 6:30-8:30, Graham Claytor (CUNY GC)
This course offers an introduction to the study of ancient papyri, with a focus on Greek documents. We will explore the history of papyrology and its relationship to Classical Studies and discuss the methods of editing papyri and using papyrological evidence. Participants will learn to use the key digital tools of the field and have the opportunity to work on unpublished texts."

CLASS-GA 3999.02 Dissertation Research
TBA, Adam Becker

Latin Sight Translation
M 4:15-6:15, Jennifer Roberts (CUNY GC), 1 credit

CLASS-GA 1001.01 Classics as a Profession, Methods and Ethics Monday 6:30-8:30 Liv Yarrow (course given at CUNY Graduate Center)
This weekly seminar invites participants to think deeply and critically about the breadth of the field of classics and how both personal and shared ethics intersect with our methods and approaches.  A sample of possible weekly topics includes: (1) What is Classics? What’s wrong with “Western Civ”?; (2) Our Disciplinary Histories; (3) Race, Ethnicity and Reception Studies; (4) Gender, Politics and Classics; (5) Sexualities, Then and Now; (6) Disability Studies, Trauma Awareness, and Accessibility; (7) Intersections between Religions and Classics; (8) Material Culture and Cultural Heritage; (9) Papyrology and its Ethical Questions; (10) Numismatics and its Ethical Questions; (11) The Evolving field of Language Teaching and Language Textbooks; (12) demystifying Peer-Review and Role of Public Scholarship in the 21^stCentury; (13) Researching in Community: Grants, Large Projects and the Ethics of Professional Collaboration and Interactions.  Throughout we will return repeatedly to the question of how to cultivate healthy mentee/mentor relationships and peer-to-peer support systems.  Alternate weekly topics may be developed in collaboration with enrolled students.  The seminar will have a limited number of guest participants, but will emphasize discussion of pre-circulated readings, over lecture-style presentations.  Students will have wide latitude in developing a final project appropriate to their individual career goals, this might be a traditional term paper, or could include such projects as developing future class curriculum, prepared a grant proposal or fellowship application, creating sample job market materials, writing abstracts for submission to various conferences, or preparing a previous term paper for submission to a journal for peer-review.​

CLASS-GA 1001.02 Public Facing Classics, Tuesday 6:30-8:45 Peter Meineck
This graduate level course will introduce students to the field of public humanities with a focus on programs that use ancient Greek and Roman materials in the creation of programs aimed at the general public and specialized communities outside of the academy. Students will learn about existing classics based public programs and benefit from class visits from the directors’ of several of these programs and at least one on site visit to a program in actions. This will include classics-based programs that are aimed at different communities such as, veterans, refugees and migrants, inner city and rural school children, indigenous peoples, families, first-responders, public library reading groups, and middle and high school programs. Additionally, the class will explore issues such as public publication and media appearances by scholars, the emerging scholarly field of public humanities, what can be learned from public facing STEM programs, the current issues surrounding public facing work in the academy, the work of scholarly organizations such as the Society for Classical Studies and the American Council of Learned Societies, Classics interactions with the field of Health Humanities and Trauma Studies, and new developments in public facing scholarship. Another important facet of this class will be introducing students to funding resources and the non-profit and foundation world in general. Students will learn how to develop and effective grant proposal including budgets and timelines and examine existing public facing National Endowment for the Humanities and foundation funded programs. Students will be graded on participation, a final presentation to the class, and two projects, one of which will be an analysis of an existing classics-based program and the other a fully developed proposal including budget and timeline for a classics based program idea they have developed.

This course will be taught by Peter Meineck PhD, Associate Professor of Classics in the Modern World, and affiliated professor at Tisch Drama and Honorary Professor of Humanities at the University of Nottingham. Meineck has gained 30 years experience developing and directing a number of public facing national and local classics-based programs, one of which (Ancient Greeks / Modern Lives) was the recipient of the prestigious Chairman’s Special Award from the National Endowment for the Humanities ($800,000). He is also the recipient of the Society for Classical Studies Award for Outreach and has been a Public Scholar for Humanities New York and the Onassis Foundation. He is currently directing The Warrior Chorus, a classics based public veteran’s program funded by the NEH with centers in New York, Florida, California and Texas.

CLASS-GA 1003 Latin Survey T&TH 2:00-3:15 Emilia Barbiero
In this class we will explore the the origins and development of a literature in Latin from 240 BCE, as well as the song culture that preceded it. Focus will be on translation as well as developing an acquaintance with textual criticism on republican literature (both ancient and modern) and majorly scholarly questions associated with each genre and author.

CLASS-GA 1011 Greek Rhetoric and Stylistics Thursday 4:15-6:15 Foster (course given at Fordham Lincoln Center)
An in-depth review of the morphology and syntax of Classical Greek through exercises in composition and stylistic analysis of a variety of authors. Individual weeks will be devoted to exploring the resources and current scholarship available on such topics as accentuation; particles; verbal tense and aspect; word order; syntax; prosody and rhythm; etc

CLASS-GA 2941 Greek Oratory Monday 4:15-6:15 Danielle Kellogg (course given at CUNY Graduate Center) 
In this course, we will read one or more examples of oratorical works from Classical Athens in the original Greek. We will also read extensively from other ancient sources in translation and from a broad range of modern scholarship on Athenian oratory to examine the different types and purposes of oratory in Athens, as well as the social, historical, legal, and cultural milieux in which such speeches were transmitted.

CLASS-GA 2502 (identical COLIT 2502) Revisting the Western Classics: Matter and Gender in Classical Antiquity Wednesday 4:55-7:25 Emanuela Bianchi
In the face of the rising popularity of “new materialisms,” this class examines the emergence of the notion of “matter” in classical antiquity. In short, matter, from the Latin ‘materia’ (related to mater, mother) is transmitted from Aristotle’s Greek innovation hulê (literally, wood). We will undertake close readings of key ancient primary texts, including various Presocratics, Plato’s Timaeus, Aristotle’s Physics, Metaphysics, and Generation of Animals, and Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura, tracing the discourses of materiality that arise in concert with tropes of sex and gender. The guiding question here is: what can matter’s genealogical ties to the feminine tell us about the materialization of bodies and genders? At the same time, we will attend to the topographies and texture of ancient thinking about nature and materiality more broadly. Alongside a narrative of “emergence” we will also consider hermeneutic questions – what are the ethico-political stakes of a “retrieval” of antiquity and how can we determine our relationship to these distant texts? And how does a consideration of ancient modes of thought help to enrich contemporary discourses of matter and gender? To help orient our study we will draw on contemporary thinkers including Irigaray, Kristeva, Loraux, Sallis, Cavarero, as well as critically engaging Bachofen’s 19^th century conception of Mutterrecht. Some background knowledge of psychoanalytic theory is advised, as is knowledge of Greek, however all readings will be in translation.

CLASS-GA 3000.01 The Process of Reading, Writing, Delivering, and Disseminating: Managing Information in the Greek and Roman Worlds. Tue 4:15-6:15 Raffaella Cribiore
This course will be based on Greek and Latin literary sources and on the papyri from Greek and Roman Egypt. It will give students notions of the paleography of literary Greek and Roman papyri and in general of literary papyrology in order to enable them to use some papyri. Each student will work on an unpublished papyrus trying to edit them and identify the authors. The course will inquire about the background of the creation, delivery, dissemination, and publication of literary texts and in doing so will expose students to a relatively new current of criticism, “Genetic Criticism”.  Students will investigate how the ancients wrote and disseminated their texts and which steps they covered before exposing them to a large public. We will read some texts of major intellectual figures like Galen, Epictetus, and Plotinus. On the one hand, their works can be examined from the point of view of genetic criticism because they were disseminated without order or taken down as notes or different versions existed of them. On the other hand, these are gigantic figures that you will not encounter often and are worthy to pay attention to. Plotinus was called the most important philosopher after Aristotle.

Students will have to do an oral presentation on a subject covered during the semester or on their papyri. There will be a midterm on palaeography and a final paper, which can be the edition of their papyrus or on one of the authors covered in the semester.

CLASS-GA 3002.001 Pastoral Poetry Tuesday 6:30-8:30 John Van Sickle (course will meet at NYU)

A seminar querying such critical metonyms as epic, bucolic & pastoral by deconstructing texts that dramatize relatedness, belatedness, reception, origin through metapoetic tropes stocking epic no more with heroes but with herders engaged with neither war nor animal husbandry but with love engendering originary craft thematized as country chore & song. Brief look at bucolic memes in older epic as corralled by Sicilian Theocritus into idylls, which get rebranded into eclogue books at Rome: Virgil’s Book of Bucolics—ten eclogues—supplanting bucolic Sicily with pastoral Arcadia; then the book of Calpurnius—seven eclogues—‘Sicilian,’ anticipating books—bucolic, eclogue, pastoral—as tradition: flower of metapoetic tropes from Dante, Petrarch, Mantuan, Sannazaro, Spenser, Pope, Wortley-Montague, or Frost. Texts may be studied in translations. Seminars, after introductory remarks, to develop by considering the texts. Intertextual relations further to be pursued in two short essays from bents peculiar to diverse readers: whether construing intertexts—Greek, Latin, Italian—philologically, rhetorically, theoretically of translation, or assaying translated texts from such standpoints as receptionistics, narratologism, cultural biastics, propagandism, courtiership, cognitive psychology & blending, metonymics, metaphorology: trahat sua quemque voluptas.

CLASS-GA 3002.02 Introduction to Digital Literary Studies Thursday 6:30-8:30 Patrick Burns (course given at Fordham Lincoln Center)

This graduate seminar introduces students to the digital tools, resources, and methods used in producing publishable data-driven scholarship in classical philology and literary criticism. The course provides a forum for students to develop hands-on skills in computer programming for literary studies (using Python), focused primarily on string manipulation, text mining and analysis, and data visualization, and with a strong emphasis on research design, reproducibility and replicability, and changing modes of scholarly communication in the Humanities. The course culminates in a series of Digital Classics "case studies," through which students will be invited to use the skills acquired in the course to reproduce landmark data-driven studies in Classics by N. A. Greenberg, D. Packard, D. Clayman, and the Tesserae Project, among others. The course has no prerequisites and is open to students with no prior programming experience. While the case studies will be drawn largely from scholarship in Classics, the training acquired in the class will be useful to any GSAS student at Fordham working with digitized corpora and textual data. Moreover, students will have the opportunity to work on material in Latin, Ancient Greek, English, and/or, with the permission of the instructor,  another language of their own choosing.

CLASS-GA 3003 Statius ‘Achilleis’ Wednesday 1:00-3:00 Alessandro Barchiesi
A seminar on the unfinished epic by Statius, the Achilleid: reading and discussion of the Latin text, accompanied by research papers presented by the participants. The text is of interest for its later influence, especially in the medieval period in Western Europe, and for its historical positioning: composed in Imperial Rome at the end of Domitian's reign, around 93-95 CE, the Achilleid is a summa of the entire Greek and Roman tradition of poetry and mythology, archaic, Classical and Hellenistic, and a very innovative text, rich in experiments and subversive allusions.
Course requirements: reading knowledge of Classical Latin, interest in the Greek tradition.

CLASS-GA 3401 What is Hellenistic Religion? Wednesday 4:15-6:15 Barbara Kowalzig
‘Hellenistic religion’ used to be thought a stepping stone on the way to the monotheisms of the common area, with a focus on individual experience, spirituality and interiority, henotheism, and gradual erosion of communal ritual in the city. Recent research in Hellenistic history and epigraphy has entirely overturned this picture; we now understand that civic religion was alive and well, continuously adapting and transforming itself in the cosmopolitan Mediterranean of the Hellenistic empires while also developing new forms of religious experience, including a different role for emotions and the senses. Yet there is no study dedicated to the nature of religious change in this period. This course will seek to understand the character and degree of this transformation, while building on and developing existing theories of religious change. After introductory sessions on methods of studying Greek religion, current trends in Hellenistic history and theoretical approaches to religious change, we will use late-fourth century Athens under Lykourgos and the uses of the past in Hellenistic Athens as a starting point for investigating characteristic religious phenomena of the Hellenistic period, such as festival and spectacle culture in Asia Minor; polis-theoria and festival networks; the role of ritual, music and performance in the Hellenistic city; religion and social structure, especially women’s cults; euergetism and cult finance, priesthood sales, sacred laws (especially the new law from Marmarini). We will look at the relationship between old and new gods, i.e. ruler cult, royal authority and soteria; Alexandria and Athens; the Ptolemaic empire, Egyptian cults and the Aegean islands; the Seleucids and the Red Sea; and finally at gods and worshippers on the move transforming the Mediterranean’s cultic landscape, such the healing cults of Asklepius and especially the spread of Isis; foreign cult, religious associations and economic interaction; diaspora religions and multi-cultural emporia such as Delos, Rhodes, Demetrias; Phoenicians in a global Mediterranean; Hellenistic Judaism. Time allowing, we will also examine the relationship between religion and philosophy.

PHIL-GA 1192; Aristotle’s Metaphysics; Tuesday 11:00-1:00; Marko Malink/Jessica Moss
This is a survey of some of the main themes of Aristotle's metaphysics. Primary readings will be drawn from Aristotle's Categories, Metaphysics, Physics, Generation and Corruption, On the Heavens, and Posterior Analytics. Topics to be discussed include Aristotle's ten categories, primary and secondary substances, ontological dependence, priority in nature, causation and explanation, essence and necessity, matter and form, actuality and potentiality, coming into being and accidental change. Throughout, special attention will be paid to the key contributions in the secondary literature on these topics. Knowledge of Ancient Greek is helpful but not required. Except for NYU Philosophy and Classics students, attendance is by permission of the instructors.

CLASS-GA  10002 Island Archaeology Monday 4:15-6:15 Joan Connelly

This seminar traces the emergence of Mediterranean Island Archaeology as a distinct subfield from the 1970s to the present.  It examines the impact of “Insularity” on material culture and human behavior within the collective and comparative frameworks of the Mediterranean as well as within seas and oceans from across the globe.  We shall look at the function and exploitation of islands as places of isolation and connectivity; of refuge and exile; as geo-political/strategic hubs and uninhabited wastelands; as resource-rich and as utterly barren; as centers of artistic production/creativity and as ‘goat islands’.  We shall scrutinize Mediterranean archipelagos as dynamic arenas of ecological, cultural, artistic, religious, political, economic, and strategic interaction.  Special emphasis will be placed on: geomorphology and island creation, ecology and climate change; myth and history; art and architecture; cult, religion, sacred travel, and pilgrimage; populations and migrations; connectivity and networks; economies and trade; archipelagos and maritime ‘small worlds’. Readings include ancient authors as well as: Childe, Evans, Cherry, Knapp, Renfrew, Broodbank, Berg, Hunt & Fitzhugh, Bevan & Connolly, Dawson, Patton, Rainbird, Leppard, Constantakopoulou, Mazarakis Ainian, Braudel, Horden & Purcell, Abulafia, Malkin, Tartaron, Leidwanger, and Knappet, among others. 

CLASS-GA 1012 Latin Rhetoric and Stylistics Thursday, 6:30-8:30  Philip Thibodeau
This course provides students advanced reading proficiency in Latin through the study of morphology and syntax, stylistic analysis of Caesar, Cicero, and other classical authors, and exercises in prose composition.

CLASS-GA 1013  Greek Survey M&W 2:00-3:15  Adam Becker

CLASS-GA 2878 Roman Satire: Terence & the Tradition of Latin Comedy Monday 6:30-8:30 Emilia Barbiero 

In this class we will read all six comedies of Terence in the original Latin, paying close attention to the playwright’s famous purus sermo and his use of comic meters. We will also seek to get a handle on the scholarly discourse (including the commentary on Terence composed by Aelius Donatus)  but also to position Terence in the Roman comic tradition. Is Terence’s comedy so very exceptional, was it actually unpopular and did it signal the ‘death of comedy’?

CLASS-GA 2973 Greco-Roman Comedy: Menander  Tuesday 6:30-8:30  David Konstan

In this course we will read the five comedies by Menander of which substantial portions survive – Dycolus, Samia, Perikeiromene, Epitrepontes, and Aspis – as well as selected fragments of other plays. Discussion will include all aspects of language and style, characterization, narrative structure, performance, social context, ethical and emotional values, and the reception of Menander in Rome and beyond.  Much new and exciting work has been done in the past few decades on Menander, and we are fortunate to have excellent recent commentaries on the plays.  A final paper will be due at the end of the semester.

CLASS-GA  2916 Xenophon Wednesday 6:30-8:30  Jennifer Roberts
Conspicuous for the variety of genres in which he wrote, the Athenian man of letters Xenophon left behind an imposing body of work.  In this course we will read some short selections from his history of Greece (the Hellenica), his biography of the Spartan king Agesilaus II, his treatise on household management (the Economicus), his recollections of Socrates, and his treatise on the Spartan constitution. The bulk of our time, however, will be spent reading his account of his adventures, and misadventures, in the east: the Anabasis. A hair-raising account of the desperate efforts of a Greek army in overcoming a variety of formidable obstacles to make its way home through hostile territory, the Anabasis is also a treasure trove of information about the peoples who made up the Persian empire and its environs—and about the Greeks’ definition of their own identity.

CLASS-GA 3000 Trajanic Moment Wednesday 4:15-6:15 Philip Thibodeau

Proceeding chronologically, we’ll begin with an exploration of the intellectual climate of Domitianic Rome.  Some areas of inquiry include the use of memory of the Roman past among both poets and prose authors of the late Flavian period—Silius Italicus, Frontinus, Quintilian—as well as changes in the nature of public life in the city and the emperor’s role therein, as evident in Martial and Statius. To the extent possible, we’ll seek to recover perspectives on and of the provinces, especially the Greek East (Josephus, perhaps), an area that will have more evidence as we move into the Trajanic empire with the texts of Dio Chrysostom, Plutarch, and Favorinus. Tacitus will be an obvious reference point in both chronological “halves” of the course, leading into the commentaries of his later contemporaries (the letters and Panegyricus of Pliny the Younger, the biographies of Suetonius, and the satirical poems of Juvenal) on politics, ethnicity, and what it means to be “Roman”.  All texts will be read in English translation (though knowledge of Greek and Latin would of course enrich the student’s experience!).

CLASS-GA  3202 Hellenistic Poetry Tuesday 4:15-6:15  David Sider

A survey of the authors, genres, and theories of Greek poetry produced between the third and the first centuries BCE. Authors include, in addition to the more famous ones such as Theocritus, Callimachus, Herondas, Aratus, Nicander, and Apollonius, less well known ones such as Archimedes, Hermesianax, Phanocles, Bion, Moschus, et al., to say nothing of many epigrams and some anonymous poems.

CLASS-GA 1009 Greek Survey
M&W 2:00-3:15, David Sider

CLASS-GA 3000 Sovereignty and Law in the Hellenistic and Roman World
Tue 4:15-6:15, Michael Peachin and Andrew Monson
Students will examine the concept of sovereignty and its relation to the law in the Hellenistic and Roman imperial period. One aspect of the course will be theoretical: how do we define sovereignty and legitimacy? We will read passages from several ancient authors (e.g. Aristotle, Polybius, Cicero) as well as modern constitutional and legal theorists from Jean Bodin to Max Weber. The emphasis in the course, however, will be on the historical aspect: to what extent did the rule of law and constitutional order exist in practice in city-states, federations, kingdoms, and empires? For the Hellenistic period, we will focus on the nature of Macedonian monarchy from Alexander onwards and its relation to the semi-autonomous Greek city-states as well as Near Eastern traditions of law and sovereignty, including kings' role as lawgivers and judges. For the Roman empire we will proceed similarly, though focusing now on the nature of the Roman emperor’s roles as lawgiver, lawyer, and legal advisor. Was the emperor truly sovereign vis à vis the law? And if he was, when and how did this come about? In additional to secondary literature, we will examine case studies for both the Hellenistic and the Roman period by reading inscriptions, papyri, and historical accounts.

CLASS-GA 1011 Greek Rhetoric and Stylistics
Wednesday 4:15-6:15, David Petrain (course given at CUNY Graduate Center)
An in-depth review of the morphology and syntax of Classical Greek through exercises in composition and stylistic analysis of a variety of authors. Individual weeks will be devoted to exploring the resources and current scholarship available on such topics as accentuation; particles; verbal tense and aspect; word order; syntax; prosody and rhythm; etc. In advance of the first class session, students should acquire a copy of Eleanor Dickey's An Introduction to the Composition and Analysis of Greek Prose (CUP 2016) ISBN: 9780521184250

CLASS-GA 2981 Homer: Odyssey
Wednesday 6:30-8:30, David Schur (course given at CUNY Graduate Center)
This class focuses on the Odyssey as a literary composition. Working closely with the Greek, we will explore how various formal features (such as diction and narrative structure) put key themes in interesting perspectives. Special attention will be given to prominent types of imagery (such as paths, animals, and weaving) in the broader context of Greek thought.

CLASS-GA 2936 Aristotle: Rhetoric
Thursday 4:15-6:15, Laura Viidebaum
Aristotle’s Rhetoric is a fascinating work that is as complex and influential as it is controversial. Despite unsolved questions about its actual composition and difficult afterlife, the Rhetoric continues to serve as the starting point for theoretical reflections on rhetoric, oratory and prose writing. In this course we will aim to get an overall idea of the Rhetoric and delve into questions about its language, composition, subject matter, and position within Aristotle’s corpus. We’ll think about the commentary tradition and will also look at the impact and afterlife of the Rhetoric, particularly in the way in which it has contributed to discussions about ancient emotions. We will read the work in the original Greek, though students should have a read through the whole of the Rhetoric intranslation before the start of the semester. For the original, we’ll work with W. D. Ross’ edition of Aristotle’s Rhetoric (OCT, 1959). We’ll have weekly reading assignments, comprising of passages of the Rhetoric and relevant secondary literature, a midterm and a final assignment, which will highly likely be a summary effort to produce a commentary of Book 3 of the Rhetoric.

CLASS-GA 3004 Aeschylus: Poetry, Democracy and War
Thursday 6:30-8:30, Peter Meineck
Aeschylus was born in Eleusis in the sixth century and died in Gela in the  fifth. Throughout these tumultous times he was said to have fought the Persians at the Battle of Marathon, been evacuated  from Athens, lost a brother at Salamis, witnessed Athens fighting on six fronts including in Egypt and the edges of the Persian empire and visited Sicily where he produced works and experimented with new dramatic forms. This new course, part of a book project, will survey the six extant works of Aeschylus, examine the question of Prometheus Bound, and look closely at the fragments. This will be set alongside the rapidly developing cultural and social environment of Attica and the wider Aegean, Mediterranean, African and Anatolian cultures of the late sixth and early fifth century BCE. Students will each pick one work to focus on and read closely while surveying the others. 

CLASS-GA 2814 Lucan's Bellum Civile 
Tues. 6:30-8:30, Matthew McGowan 
This course covers Lucan’s Bellum Civile or Pharsalia in its entirety. We will tackle roughly one book per week of Lucan’s epic on the civil war between Caesar and Pompey and then spend the final third of the course on the reception of the Pharsalia in the medieval and early modern periods. Our aim is to situate Lucan’s poem in its immediate historical context and in relation to the broader tradition of Greek and Latin literature. In addition to surveying an array of contemporary scholarship, we will regularly consult ancient and Renaissance commentaries, which will be provided to the class in the form of a course-packet. Over the course of the semester each student will be expected to deliver an oral report and to lead the subsequent group discussion. There will be a midterm exam and final research paper. 

CLASS-GA 2914 Thucydides, Politics, Philosophy  
Monday 6:30-8:30, Jennifer Roberts (course given at CUNY Graduate Center)
This interdisciplinary course will be guided in part by the particular interests of the students who choose to enroll in it: historians, classicists, archaeologists, political scientists, philosophers.  Although there will be common readings, students are encouraged to pursue their own perspectives on Thucydides while at the same time coming to appreciate his relevance to other disciplines.  The text will be read in English, but I am happy to meet separately with students who would like to read selections in the original Greek.
A masterpiece of both narrative and analysis, Thucydides’ account of the war between the Athenian Empire and Peloponnesian League also merits study as a work of profound philosophical import.  The work of a man filled with a plangent sense of the sorrows of the human condition, Thucydides’ history offered a non-fiction counterpart to the tragic drama of his contemporaries Sophocles and Euripides.
The father of political science, Thucydides has often been labeled the father of political realism. We will explore in what ways this is and is not accurate. Thucydides has been co-opted by one generation after another, on one continent after another, as a spokesman for its own society and identified as the one person who best understood the problems of the day.  From monarchists to republicans in Europe to 20th and 21st century American neoconservatives, his readers have proudly cited him in defense of their ideologies. Today students of international relations wring their hands over the newly dubbed menace, “the Thucydides trap,” a concept that draws parallels between the diplomatic situation that led up to the Peloponnesian War and America’s growing tensions with China. Both Thucydides and his legacy will be the subjects of this course.

For courses at the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, please click here.

CLASS-GA 10002 Antiquity at Risk: Conflict Archaeology, Conservation, International Law and Cultural Heritage
Joan Connelly, Monday 4:15-6:15
This interdisciplinary course introduces students to a broad range of contemporary threats to the survival of ancient cultural heritage.  It is ideal for those who are interested in the intersection of classical archaeology and art history with international law, science, conservation, ethics, public policy, and cultural resource management. Through careful examination of case studies, we investigate objects, monuments and sites that exemplify the greatest risks faced in preserving cultural heritage today. Material is presented the within the broader context of current global developments, especially those of armed conflict, environmental issues, urban growth, dam building, tourism, looting, and the international market in illicit antiquities. Special attention is paid to international cultural heritage laws and conventions, cases of repatriation and return of cultural materials, and current discussions of identity, cosmopolitism, and the “universal museum.”

Interested students should contact Professor Connelly:  joan.connelly@nyu.edu

CLASS-GA 1005  Survey of Latin Literature
David Levene, Monday & Wednesday 2:00-3:15
We will be studying a number of Latin texts from the Augustan period to late antiquity. As well as reading and understanding the texts, we will be seeking to examine their place in the development of Latin literature; we will also be surveying a variety of critical approaches adopted by modern scholars, through close readings of key articles and books on the the different authors.  

CLASS-GA 1012 Latin Prose Composition
David Konstan, Wednesday 6:30-8:30
This course offers an introduction to prose composition in Latin.  The course will include a review of Latin syntax (based on the textbook, “Bradley’s Arnold,” which will be distributed as a pdf) and discussion of various prose styles, with a primary focus on Cicero.  There will be weekly exercises in the translation of set passages, which will be examined for linguistic correctness and also style.  Additional materials on particular points of style will be distributed in the course of the semester.

CLASS-GA 2965 Sophocles
Peter Meineck, Wednesday 4:15-6:15
In this seminar, we will be reading Sophocles' Philoctetes in Greek and paying particular attention to the playwright's dramaturgy, narrative structure, poetic imagery and inter-performative devices (inter-textualities). We will place the work within its cultural and performative contexts and examine, staging, masks, costumes, settings, music, dance, gestures, space, and the wider festival/cultic and social-political environments of the second half of fifth century BCE Athens. We will also look at receptions of Philoctetes since the 20th century. We will be using the following edition, which students will need to provide:
Seth L. Schein, Sophocles: Philoctetes. Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2013.

CLASS-GA 3000 Augustine’s Confessions
Adam Becker, Tuesday 6:30-8:30
CUNY Graduate Center
In this seminar we will read and discuss large portions of the whole of Augustine’s Confessions (including the commonly ignored later books). Broader questions about the genre and context of the work will be addressed throughout, whereas certain topics will be introduced each week as they arise in given books (e.g Manichaeism in Bks 3-4; Neoplatonism in Bk 7). Topics of discussion will also depend on the different students’ interests (Classical, Late Antique, Medieval, literary, philosophical, theological, etc.). Good knowledge of Latin is required. Feel free to contact the instructor if you have any questions: adam.becker@nyu.edu

CLASS-GA 3001 Roman Family
Matthew Perry, Thursday 6:30-8:30
CUNY Graduate Center, Room TBA
Masters and slaves, wives and husbands, parents and children, patres familias and dependents, all dwelled and labored alongside each other within the Roman household.  This seminar explores the form and function of the Roman household, considering the legal and social mechanisms making it one of the empire’s most powerful institutions.  Engaging with critical topics such as gender, family, slavery, and status, readings will consist of primary sources (in translation), classic works of modern scholarship, and recent innovative studies (all available digitally through library collections).

CLASS-GA 3002.01 Ancient Science
Philip Thibodeau, Tuesday 4:15-6:15
CUNY Graduate Center, Room TBA
In this seminar we will explore the literature and culture of ancient Greek and Roman science. Each week we will study a text or collection of texts that exemplify one or more key themes. These themes will include: the origins of the secular worldview; changing conceptions of ‘nature’ (physis); the cognitive styles of technical texts; Near Eastern influences on Greek science; the translation of ideas from the Greek world to Rome; and the challenges of working with lost or incompletely preserved writings. Students will read both Greek and Latin works and representative items of scholarship. For a final project each seminar participant will translate into English and write an introduction to a short piece of ancient scientific writing which has never received such treatment before.

CLASS-GA 3003 Horace and the Tradition of Latin Lyric
Matthew McGowan, Thursday 4:15-6:15
CUNY Graduate Center, Room TBA
This course provides a survey of Horace’s Odes (Carmina) for the first two-thirds of the term. The final third will be dedicated to the reception of Horace and the tradition of Latin lyric from the early medieval period (Venantius Fortunatus, Alcuin, Notker Balbus) to the Italian Renaissance (Petrarch, Pontano, Filelfo, Poliziano, Marullo) and beyond (Joannes Secundus, Conrad Celtis). There will be weekly assignments in Latin and readings from secondary scholarship on which students will be asked to give at least one report. There will be a midterm exam and final research paper (usually on a topic related to the report), and texts will be provided at the beginning of the term for a small fee. Feel free to email me with questions about the course: mamcgowan@fordham.edu.

For courses at the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, please click here. 

CLASS-GA 10002 Antiquity at Risk: Conflict Archaeology, Conservation, International Law and Cultural Heritage
Joan Connelly, Monday 4:15-6:15
This interdisciplinary course introduces students to a broad range of contemporary threats to the survival of ancient cultural heritage.  It is ideal for those who are interested in the intersection of classical archaeology and art history with international law, science, conservation, ethics, public policy, and cultural resource management. Through careful examination of case studies, we investigate objects, monuments and sites that exemplify the greatest risks faced in preserving cultural heritage today. Material is presented the within the broader context of current global developments, especially those of armed conflict, environmental issues, urban growth, dam building, tourism, looting, and the international market in illicit antiquities. Special attention is paid to international cultural heritage laws and conventions, cases of repatriation and return of cultural materials, and current discussions of identity, cosmopolitism, and the “universal museum.”

Interested students should contact Professor Connelly:  joan.connelly@nyu.edu

CLASS-GA 1005  Survey of Latin Literature
David Levene, Monday & Wednesday 2:00-3:15
We will be studying a number of Latin texts from the Augustan period to late antiquity. As well as reading and understanding the texts, we will be seeking to examine their place in the development of Latin literature; we will also be surveying a variety of critical approaches adopted by modern scholars, through close readings of key articles and books on the the different authors.  

CLASS-GA 1012 Latin Prose Composition
David Konstan, Wednesday 6:30-8:30
This course offers an introduction to prose composition in Latin.  The course will include a review of Latin syntax (based on the textbook, “Bradley’s Arnold,” which will be distributed as a pdf) and discussion of various prose styles, with a primary focus on Cicero.  There will be weekly exercises in the translation of set passages, which will be examined for linguistic correctness and also style.  Additional materials on particular points of style will be distributed in the course of the semester.

CLASS-GA 2965 Sophocles
Peter Meineck, Wednesday 4:15-6:15
In this seminar, we will be reading Sophocles' Philoctetes in Greek and paying particular attention to the playwright's dramaturgy, narrative structure, poetic imagery and inter-performative devices (inter-textualities). We will place the work within its cultural and performative contexts and examine, staging, masks, costumes, settings, music, dance, gestures, space, and the wider festival/cultic and social-political environments of the second half of fifth century BCE Athens. We will also look at receptions of Philoctetes since the 20th century. We will be using the following edition, which students will need to provide:
Seth L. Schein, Sophocles: Philoctetes. Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2013.

CLASS-GA 3000 Augustine’s Confessions
Adam Becker, Tuesday 6:30-8:30
CUNY Graduate Center
In this seminar we will read and discuss large portions of the whole of Augustine’s Confessions (including the commonly ignored later books). Broader questions about the genre and context of the work will be addressed throughout, whereas certain topics will be introduced each week as they arise in given books (e.g Manichaeism in Bks 3-4; Neoplatonism in Bk 7). Topics of discussion will also depend on the different students’ interests (Classical, Late Antique, Medieval, literary, philosophical, theological, etc.). Good knowledge of Latin is required. Feel free to contact the instructor if you have any questions: adam.becker@nyu.edu

CLASS-GA 3001 Roman Family
Matthew Perry, Thursday 6:30-8:30
CUNY Graduate Center, Room TBA
Masters and slaves, wives and husbands, parents and children, patres familias and dependents, all dwelled and labored alongside each other within the Roman household.  This seminar explores the form and function of the Roman household, considering the legal and social mechanisms making it one of the empire’s most powerful institutions.  Engaging with critical topics such as gender, family, slavery, and status, readings will consist of primary sources (in translation), classic works of modern scholarship, and recent innovative studies (all available digitally through library collections).

CLASS-GA 3002.01 Ancient Science
Philip Thibodeau, Tuesday 4:15-6:15
CUNY Graduate Center, Room TBA
In this seminar we will explore the literature and culture of ancient Greek and Roman science. Each week we will study a text or collection of texts that exemplify one or more key themes. These themes will include: the origins of the secular worldview; changing conceptions of ‘nature’ (physis); the cognitive styles of technical texts; Near Eastern influences on Greek science; the translation of ideas from the Greek world to Rome; and the challenges of working with lost or incompletely preserved writings. Students will read both Greek and Latin works and representative items of scholarship. For a final project each seminar participant will translate into English and write an introduction to a short piece of ancient scientific writing which has never received such treatment before.

CLASS-GA 3003 Horace and the Tradition of Latin Lyric
Matthew McGowan, Thursday 4:15-6:15
CUNY Graduate Center, Room TBA
This course provides a survey of Horace’s Odes (Carmina) for the first two-thirds of the term. The final third will be dedicated to the reception of Horace and the tradition of Latin lyric from the early medieval period (Venantius Fortunatus, Alcuin, Notker Balbus) to the Italian Renaissance (Petrarch, Pontano, Filelfo, Poliziano, Marullo) and beyond (Joannes Secundus, Conrad Celtis). There will be weekly assignments in Latin and readings from secondary scholarship on which students will be asked to give at least one report. There will be a midterm exam and final research paper (usually on a topic related to the report), and texts will be provided at the beginning of the term for a small fee. Feel free to email me with questions about the course: mamcgowan@fordham.edu.

For courses at the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, please click here. 

Introduction to Classical Studies, CLASS-GA 1001 (CUNY)
M, 6:30-8:30, Van Sickle   

Latin Survey, CLASS-GA 1003
M&W, 11:00-12:15, Barchiesi 

Roman Elegy, CLASS-GA 2876 (CUNY) 
M, 4:15-6:15, Petrain      
The connotations of English "elegiac" hint at one aspect of the poetry's associations, but elegy ranges far beyond the mournful and morose. This course follows the arc of elegiac poetry in Latin from its beginnings with Ennius, to the epigrams and longer poems of Catullus and his contemporaries, and finally to its heyday as a characteristic poetic form of the Augustan Age, in the discontinuous narratives of erotic entanglement by Tibullus, Sulpicia, Propertius, Ovid, others. We will explore the meter itself (verse composition a possibility); the multiplicity of elegiac traditions (Greek, Latin; literary, inscriptional; Republican, neoteric); ancient and modern approaches to the elegiac corpus.

Students should come to the first class meeting having (re)read Ovid, Amores 1.1, preferably with the commentary of McKeown.

Divinity, Commodity and the Sea in the Mediterranean World, CLASS-GA 3000 
W, 4:15-6:15, Kowalzig
This seminar will examine how Greek polytheism engages the economic sphere. How is the divine world implicated in production, supply and economic exchange in the Mediterranean? In particular, it will address the relationship between individual gods or sets of gods and the ‘product’ they are commonly associated with, such as Demeter and the grain, Dionysos and the wine, Athena and the olive etc. A fundamental question will be how a god’s power (‘mode of action’), such as Demeter’s ability to effect ‘production’ and ‘growth’, comes to bear on economic activity and institutions, shaping a city’s political economy, or maritime networks of supply. The course will start by introducing students to the methods used in the study of Greek polytheism, to relevant approaches in economic anthropology and economic theory and to recent work on the Mediterranean as an interconnected historical space. A number of sessions will then be dedicated to the divine world involved in agricultural production, that is to say cult, myth, and ritual associated with the Mediterranean ‘triad’ (grain, olive, wine); followed by mining and metallurgy, slave labour and slave trade; luxury commodities, such as textiles, spices and perfumes. A final part will tackle the mechanisms of divine intervention in economic transactions, i.e. examine the ‘gods of the market place’ (theoi agoraioi); and ‘gods of trade’ and ‘exchange’ such as Hermes and Aphrodite. This course will start on Wednesday, 12 September.   

Greek Prose Composition, CLASS-GA 3002  
T, 6:30-8:30, Sider
This course offers an introduction to composition in Greek with attention paid to various prose styles. Each week we will translate set passages and then review the Greek for individual points of syntax and style. No books will be ordered, but essential to have close by are Smyth’s Greek Grammar (Harvard U Press, revised by Messing) and Denniston’s Greek Particles (Oxford UP). Those weak in grammar may also wish to own (and review in advance) Eleanor Dickey, Composition and Analysis of Greek Prose (Cambridge  UP).

From Second to Third Sophistic, CLASS-GA 3004 
W, 6:30-8:30, Cribiore     
Were the Second and Third Sophistic “ages of anxiety” as they have been called? What was then the relationship with mythology and Homer?  This course intends to inquire about issues of identity, rhetoric, religion and the relationship with the past especially in the Second Sophistic. In the very late part of the semester we will investigate the bridge between the Second and Third Sophistic in the fourth century East. We will inquire about the characteristics of extempore speech and the power and danger of rhetoric. The texts read will be in Greek except for some Quintilian. Among the authors read there will be Philostratus, Lucian, Dio Chrysostom, and some Libanius. In the last part of the course, some attention will be paid to the relationship between pagan and Christian intellectuals and the appropriation of classical culture by Christians.

Modern Views on Ancient Ancient Historiography, CLASS-GA 3001 (CUNY)
Th, 4:15-6:15, Yarrow
Ancient historians were self-conscious creators of narrative.  This course will explore themes traditionally associated with the genre of history in the Greco-Roman world, including, but not limited to: universalism, local histories, the role of speeches, use of sources, intersection with other genres, the role of the historian in society, intrusion of authorial voice, narrative focalization, and explanations of historical causation.  The course will simultaneously examine how these themes and related issues have been treated by both classicists and modern historical theorists.  All general course materials provided in digital format.  Students will each select a different ancient historian on which to focus their individual work for the semester.  

Survey of Greek Literature  CLASS-GA 1013, TBA, Adam Becker

Archaeologies of the Mediterranean Maritime World CLASS-GA 1002, M, 4:15-6:15, Joan Breton Connelly
How has archaeological investigation, both underwater and terrestrial, deepened our understanding of ancient seafaring, colonization, commerce, social interaction, pilgrimage, warfare, and piracy?  How did connectivity among far-flung ports and coastal Greek cities contribute to the emergence of a Hellenic cultural identity?  This seminar examines the maritime cultural landscape of the Mediterranean with special focus on material culture. From the Uluburun cargo to the Antikythera shipwreck, from Phoenician purple-dye production to late Roman fish tanks, we will consider the connectivity of maritime industries, economies, visual arts, and social practices.  Special topics to be examined: climate, time-cycles, technological aspects of seafaring, ship construction, navigation, innovation, insularities, “maritime small worlds”, coastscapes, opportunistic ports, cabotage, and connections with the hinterland. Readings cover ancient authors (literature, histories, geographies); historiographic works (Braudel, Horden and Purcell, Abulafia, Broodbank); period- and region-specific works (Malkin, Tartaron, Leidwanger, Foley, Bass).

Latin Prose Composition CLASS-GA 1012, Th, 4-6, Matthew McGowan (at NYU)
This course offers an introduction to composition in Latin and a survey of prose styles from Cato the Elder to the Vulgate. Each week we will tackle a different author from D.A. Russell's Anthology of Latin Prose (Oxford) and review individual points of syntax and stylistics via practice exercises and free composition. It is hoped that by the end of the course students will have gained a deeper knowledge of Latin sentence structure and idiom and a greater appreciation for a broad range of prose styles. Weekly assignments (pensa) will include composition and reading from E.C. Woodcock's A New Latin Syntax and from other scholars analyzing a particular author's style. The scholarly essays will provide the background for the brief report (= breviarium) that every student will be asked to do at least once over the course of the semester. 

Required Texts (all available on Amazon): D.A. Russell, Anthology of Latin Prose (Oxford), E.C. Woodcock, A New Latin Syntax, and Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar by B. Gildersleeve and G. Lodge. Please bring these books to class on the first day, Thursday, January 18, 2018. If you have any questions about the content or aims of the course, feel free to email me: mamcgowan@fordham.edu. 

Herodotus CLASS-GA 2912, W, 4:15-6:15, Danielle Kellogg (CUNY Graduate Center)
This course will focus on Herodotos, one of the greatest prose authors of ancient Greece and a crucial figure in Greek intellectual and literary history. Herodotos’ Histories is one of the earliest lengthy prose narratives in Ionian Greek still extant and remains the primary (and often only) source for much information about the culture and history of numerous ancient Mediterranean cultures in the late Archaic and early Classical periods. Herodotos’ status as the ‘Father of History’ has been debated in the 2500 years since he set himself the task of recording the ‘great and wonderful deeds’ of the Greeks and Persians: while Herodotos’ investigation of these events set the precedent for all subsequent historical writings, his aims and methods have been controversial since antiquity (just witness the rather uncomplimentary opinions of his near contemporary, Thucydides). Herodotos wove a number of fabulous and entertaining anecdotes and tales into his historical narrative, leading some to refer to him the ‘Father of Lies’ and even to question his status as a historian at all. Current scholarly work, however, mostly treats Herodotos’ Histories both as a carefully crafted literary work in which the supposed ‘digressions’ link together many of Herodotos’ themes and ideas, and as a genuine attempt by the author to record and explain events of the past. The course will advance the students’ fluency in reading and translating Greek prose, while at the same time enriching their understanding of Greek civilization and history and exposing them to current trends in Herodotean scholarship.

Numismatics and the Ancient Economy CLASS-GA 3000.002, W, 3:30-6:00, Gilles Bransbourg and Peter van Alfen (both from the American Numismatic Society)
Coins are much more than just money. They are windows in the way people organize their politics, their societies, and, of course, their economies. Coins were first struck in the ancient Mediterranean world in the late 7th century BC and rapidly spread throughout Greece coinciding with the revolutionary changes that gave birth to the Greek city-state. Greek and Roman expansions led to increased monetization all across the ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds, shaping political structures, fiscal regimes, domestic and international trade. This course begins by looking at archaic Greece before coinage, seeking to understand what money was before coinage, and how trade and wealth were organized. Thereafter, it focuses on the ways in which coinage altered these organizations and structures through Greco-Roman antiquity, leading to entirely new concepts like fiduciarity, exchange rate risk, and inflation. The course will cover the history, methods and theories of numismatics, and will include hands-on experience with ancient coins, while dealing with the impact that coinage had on ancient societies.

Late Latin Verse, CLASS-GA 3000, Th, 2:30-5:00, Marco Formisano (Fordham College Lincoln Center)
In this course we will read some of the most famous late Latin poems (Ausonius, Mosella; Claudian, De raptu Proserpinae; Rutilius Namatianus, De reditu suo), as well a selection of passages from other poetry by Ausonius, Proba, and Prudentius. While these texts are most often read intertextually with an almost exclusive focus on their relationships with models such as Vergil, Ovid, Horace and Statius, our aim is to study these poems on their own terms, namely as the products of late antique literary culture. Particular attention will be devoted to the concept of allegory, both as an ancient and late-antique textual phenomenon and as a topic of theorizing in twentieth-century literary criticism (e.g. Walter Benjamin, Paul De Man). On April 27, 2018 a workshop with external speakers on “Origins and Original Moments in Late Antique Literature” will take place at Fordham, and the participants in this class will be directly involved in the discussion.

Greek Sympotic Poetry, CLASS-GA 3002, W, 6:30-8:30, Lawrence Kowerski (CUNY Graduate Center)

Roman Novel, CLASS-GA 3003, T, 4:15-6:15, David Konstan
Ancient Rome bequeathed to literature three novels of very different character: Petronius’ Satyrica, Apuleius’ Metamorphoses (also known as The Golden Ass, thanks to a citation by Augustine), and the anonymous History of Apollonius King of Tyre.  We shall read most (if not all) of these texts in Latin, and discuss various points of Latin style, narrative technique, and social context.  A final paper is required, due at the end of the semester.

Pre-Socratic Philosophy, CLASS-GA 3004, M, 6:30-8:30, David Sider
In this course we shall survey the path of Greek philosophy from its beginnings until just short of Plato. Most of this will be on natural science (such as evolution, the big bang theory, and subatomic particles, to be anachronistic) and the attempts to grapple with the concept of existence, but what little remains of early philosophical ethics will also be examined. Since all of early Greek thought is known primarily from later sources who quote (not always consistently), paraphrase (often tendentiously), and interpret (often erroneously), it must be approached in the first instance philologically fragment by fragment before being put into historical and then philosophical contexts.

Greek Survey, CLASS-GA1009   
TBA, David Sider 

Re-visiting the Classics, CLASS-GA 2502, same as COLIT-GA2502
Monday, 3:30-6:10, Emma Bianchi
In the face of the rising popularity of “new materialisms,” this class examines the emergence of the notion of “matter” in classical antiquity. In short, matter, from the Latin ‘materia’ (related to mater, mother) is transmitted from Aristotle’s Greek innovation hulê (literally, wood).  We will undertake close readings of key ancient primary texts, including various Presocratics, Plato’s Timaeus, Aristotle’s Physics, Metaphysics, and Generation of Animals, and Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura, tracing the discourses of materiality that arise in concert with tropes of sex and gender. The guiding question here is: what can matter’s genealogical ties to the feminine tell us about the materialization of bodies and genders? At the same time, we will attend to the topographies and texture of ancient thinking about nature and materiality more broadly. Alongside a narrative of “emergence” we will also consider hermeneutic questions – what are the ethico-political stakes of a “retrieval” of antiquity and what is the nature of our relationship to these distant texts? How does such “retrieval” function to both conceal and reveal? Why “return” to antiquity and how might resuscitation of the canon contribute to contemporary theorizing? While ancient texts are undoubtedly “good to think with,” are they capable of displacing modernity’s epistemological binds in favor of ontological or material questions? How might a consideration of these texts enrich contemporary discourses of matter and gender? To help orient our study we will draw on contemporary feminist thinkers including Irigaray, Kristeva, Loraux and Cavarero, as well as critically engaging Bachofen’s 19^th century conception of Mutterrecht. Some background knowledge of psychoanalytic theory is advised as is knowledge of Greek, however all readings will be in translation.  

Aeneid, CLASS-GA2882  
Wednesday, 4:15-6:15, Alessandro Barchiesi
The class is designed to discuss contemporary approaches to the Aeneid in research, and also to increase familiarity with the text in Latin. Students are expected to give a presentation and to turn it into a final paper. We will discuss literary models, references to history and geography, and select examples of reception in various ages and contexts.

Aristophanes, CLASS-GA2970  
Tuesday, 6:30-8:30, Peter Meineck (at CUNY)
In this course we will focus on Aristophanes' Frogs, first staged in Athens around 405 BCE. We will undergo a deep reading of the Greek text and consider the staging, political and social situations, aesthetic questions, production, transmission, and translation of the text and modern incarnations of the work. A good working knowledge of ancient Greek is required for this class.

Greek Drama in the Mediterranean & Black Sea, CLASS-GA3004    
Wednesday, 6:30-8:30, Barbara Kowalzig
In recent years, our knowledge of the performance of ancient drama outside Athens and beyond the fifth century has significantly increased. We are now much better informed about theatrical cultures across the Mediterranean and Black Sea, the impact of re-performance, the organisation and financing of theatre productions, the social and economic status of actors, and the archaeology of theatre. This seminar will provide an introduction to this thriving research field. It will then look at the motivations and mechanisms governing the spread of drama during the classical period and at the performance of drama in local social and religious contexts such as Sicily, Macedonia, and the Black Sea. In particular, on the basis of a number of individual plays, we will examine the role of myth and ritual in Athenian drama in forging cultural and economic relations between Athens and peoples and places across the Mediterranean, and in conceptualizing maritime spaces, journeys, and connectivities by sea. For example, what exactly is the relationship between the mythical themes appearing on the Athenian stage and the economic significance of the area portrayed? Time and interest permitting, we will also examine Hellenistic performance culture, as well as the evidence for theatre in Roman Greece.

For a taste of the field and for some introductory reading, see O. Taplin, ‘Spreading the Word through Performance’ (1999); B. Kowalzig, ‘Nothing to do with Demeter? Something to do with Sicily! Theatre and Society in the Early Fifth-century West’ (2008); K. Bosher (ed.), Theatre Outside Athens. Drama in Greek Sicily and Italy (2013); B. Kowalzig, ‘Transcultural Chorality: Iphigenia in Tauris and Athenian Imperial Economics in a Polytheistic World’ (2013); E. Csapo, P. Wilson, ‘Drama Outside Athens in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC’ (2015). 

Greek Prose Composition, CLASS-GA1011   
Thursday, 4:15-6:15 (Fordham)
This course offers an introduction to composition in Greek and a survey of prose styles from Lysias to Plutarch. Each week we will tackle a different genus scribendi in our reading and then review individual points of syntax and stylistics via practice exercises and free composition. Students will be asked to make presentations on the style of an author of their choice. It is hoped that by the end of the course we will have gained a deeper knowledge of Greek sentence structure and idiom and a greater appreciation for a broad range of prose styles in Greek.

Plato, CLASS-GA2932  
Monday, 4:15-6:15, Simpson (CUNY)
The course will take the form of a study of the works of Plato through selected readings from them, including in particular parts of the Republic and Apology. A large question in Platonic scholarship, however, is the order of the dialogues and whether a chronological ordering (usually favored today) is better than some other or thematic ordering. Ancient authors, Neo-Platonists in particular, favored thematic orderings. They also regarded most Platonic works that have come down to us as really by Plato (including all the letters), while modern scholars tend to reject some at least of what the Neo-Platonists accepted (e.g. most of the letters). The course will begin with some discussion of the authenticity and ordering questions and then proceed to specific selections.

Cicero's Speeches, CLASS-GA 2845
Thursday, 6:30-8:30, Leo Landrey (Fordham)
In Cicero's Speeches students will encounter and track Roman oratory over the course of the career of its most eminent stylist and theoretician. Class time will focus on analyzing the aims and means of each speech and how they connect to central ideas in Late Republican culture. These ideas may include the distribution of power within the republic, the boundaries of Roman masculinity, the construction of individual identity, and the performative nature of public speaking. Brief passages of relevant comparative material, such as excerpts from Cicero's letters, philosophy, and poetry, will complement the core assignments. A reasonably priced course pack will be available for students to purchase.

Homer: Iliad, CLASS-GA2981  
Tuesday, 4:15-6:15, Roberts (CUNY)
A close reading of the Iliad (selections).  We will pay close attention to Homer’s language and style, his portrayal of specific gods and mortals and of their interaction with one another, the notion of heroism, Homeric warfare, and the historical context of the poem, but we will also explore whatever aspects of the poem are of particular interest to students in the course.  Students will write a term paper of about 20 pages on a topic of their own choosing.

Rome & the Hellenistic East, CLASS-GA3000
Monday, 6:30-8:30, Allen (CUNY)
This course explores the vitality of the Hellenistic period, roughly defined as 330-30 BCE, by exploring interactions among the populations of the Mediterranean, including Roman, Hellenic, Egyptian, Punic, Judaean, Celtic, and various hybrids thereamong. We’ll consider a series of case studies in literature, art, epigraphy, and archaeology to understand new developments in culture, politics, and geopolitics.

Courses at ISAW (permission of the instructor required):

Course descriptions can be found here. 

Introduction to Ancient Astronomical Traditions, ISAW-GA 3002-001
Monday, 9 a.m.-12 p.m., Alexander Jones

The Transmission of Ancient Science into Arabic, ISAW-GA 3007-001
Tuesday, 9 a.m.-12 p.m., Robert Hoyland

Archaeology of Anatolia from the Neolithic to the Hellenistic Period, ISAW-GA 3012-001
Friday, 2-5 p.m., Lorenzo d’Alfonso

Art, Archaeology, & Museology, ISAW-GA 3012-002
Wednesday, 2-5 p.m., Lillian Tseng and Jennifer Chi

Historiographies of Ancient Egypt, ISAW-GA 3020-001
Thursday, 2-5 p.m., Emily Cole 

CLASS-GA 1001 Introduction to Classical Studies (CUNY), R, 6:30 - 8:30, Jennifer Roberts

CLASS-GA 1002 Archaeologies of the Greek Landscape, T, 6:30 - 8:30, Joan Breton Connelly 
How did geography and the environment shape the ways that communities and individuals interacted with one another across the Greek world?   How did the Greeks perceive, experience and exploit local landscapes and resources? This seminar focuses on: myth, landscape and sacred space; location of settlements, cities, and sanctuaries; ‘socialization’ of landscape; material culture within space and place; economic and political relationships; trade and exchange networks; technological innovations in agriculture, seafaring, and metallurgy; human alteration of land/cultural modifications to landscape.  From the testimonia of ancient geographers, historians, and travellers, to Antiquarian accounts from the 16th century on, to the Topographic Tradition of the 19th century, and  “Cultural-History” Archaeology of the 20thcentury, we will track the roots and emergence of “Landscape Archaeology” as a sub-discipline in the 1960s/1970s. Developments in the decades that followed include: emphasis on surface and regional intensive/extensive surveys, quantitative studies, spatial data, archaeological prospection, modelling artifact distributions and analytical GIS. Select readings from: Herodotus, Strabo, Pausanias, Leake, Gell, Muller, Pendlebury, Hope Simpson, Bintliff, Renfrew, MacDonald, Rapp, Braudel, Snodgrass, Hodder, Cherry, Kardoulias, Horden, Purcell, Knapp, Alcock, Malkin, Elsner, and Broodbank.

CLASS-GA 1005 Latin Survey, M&W, 2:00 - 3:15, David Levene
We will be studying a number of Latin texts from the Augustan period to late antiquity. Apart from simply reading and understanding the texts, we will be seeking to examine their place in the development of Latin literature; we will also be surveying a variety of critical approaches adopted by modern scholars, through close readings of key articles and books on the the different authors.

CLASS-GA 1013 Survey of Greek Literature (Fordham), T, 4:15 - 6:15, Mathew McGowan & Sarah Peirce 
The course offers a survey of Greek literature from Homer to Plutarch. Each week we will read extensive selections from different authors that appear on the M.A./Ph.D. reading list. For our weekly meetings students will be asked to read the corresponding chapter in Albrecht Dihle’s History of Greek Literature (Routledge 1994). All are welcome to attend.

CLASS-GA 3000 Future of the Past (Fordham), T, 6:30 - 8:30, Jason Pedicone
What is Classics? Where does it come from? Where is it going? These are questions of existential importance for those who have taken a professional interest in the field of Classical Studies, but they are rarely studied formally in graduate school. This seminar will offer graduate students the opportunity to engage with and explore these questions about our field, and to examine themes of particular relevance to the future of the discipline.  It will start with an overview of the history of Classical Scholarship from Alexandria to the present day, and then explore various themes related to the future development of the field such as: the role of a classical education in American education; the development of the field of philology; comparison of current models for classical educational around the world; studies in the demographics of interest in classics worldwide; models for outreach in classics; exploration of possible alternative career outcomes for Classics Ph.D's; and the role classical studies will play in the future of higher education. The seminar will welcome guest speakers including several Paideia Legionnaires."
Readings will be drawn from the following:
History of Classical Scholarship, Volumes I and II by Rudolf Pfeiffer
Selections from History of Classical Scholarship by John Sandys
Philology by David Turner
Organizing Enlightenment by Chad Wellman
"From Polyhistor to Philolog" by Anthony Grafton
The Tyranny of Greece over Germany by E.M. Butler
Wolf's Prolegomena ad Homerum, A. Grafton, G. Most, & J. Zetzel edition
Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy and Wilamotitz' Future Philology
The Founders and the Classics and The Golden Age of Classics in America, by Carl J. Richards
Who Killed Homer? by Victor Davis Hanson
Excellent Sheep by Bill Deriesewicz
The Graduate School Mess by Leonard Casutto
College: What is Is, Was, and Should Be by Andrew Del Banco
The Future of the Classical by Salvatore Settis (2006)

CLASS-GA 3000-002, Through the Eyes of Coins: Trade & Wealth in the Ancient World, T, 3:30-6:00, Gilles Bransbourg & Peter Van Alfen from the American Numismatic Society
Coins are much more than just money. They are windows in the way people organize their politics, their societies, and, of course, their economies. Coins were first struck in the ancient Mediterranean world in the late 7th century BC and rapidly spread throughout Greece coinciding with the revolutionary changes that gave birth to the Greek city-state. Greek and Roman expansions led to increased monetization all across the ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds, shaping political structures, fiscal regimes, domestic and international trade. This course begins by looking at archaic Greece before coinage, seeking to understand what money was before coinage, and how trade and wealth were organized. Thereafter, it focuses on the ways in which coinage altered these organizations and structures through Greco-Roman antiquity, leading to entirely new concepts like fiduciarity, exchange rate risk, and inflation. The course will cover the history, methods and theories of numismatics, and will include hands-on experience with ancient coins, while dealing with the impact that coinage had on ancient societies.

CLASS-GA 2887 Ovid’s Metamorphoses, W, 4:15 - 6:15, Alessandro Barchiesi 
The seminar addresses one of the crucial texts of the Western tradition, now in roughly its 2000th year of reception history. The main goal is to encourage participants to develop research approaches and offer fresh papers on the text but also on its reception and influence.

Knowledge of Latin, not necessarily very advanced, is necessary. The texts for the seminar discussion will be translated and explained in class.

Some of the main areas of interest: mythology, the construction of landscape, gender, metamorphosis, poetic models, tragedy and epic, cosmology, Imperial ideology, narrative style and narratology, Roman Hellenism, material culture in epic, emotions and their representation.

Text: Tarrant's Oxford Classical Text of Metamorphoses; other bibliography will be indicated in class.

CLASS-GA 3003 Latin Prose Composition (CUNY), M, 6:30 - 8:30, Philip Thibodeau 

CLASS-GA 2878  Plautus, W, 6:30 - 8:30, Emilia Barbiero 
This course focuses on the epistolary motif in Plautine comedy, exploring the complex dynamics engendered when text appears on stage. How does Plautus use the letter and its thorny conventions to create comic mischief and advance (or undo) the plot? What role do missives play in the playwright's poetics - particularly in the construction of metatheatre? After looking at the origins of the embedded epistle in Greek literature, we will investigate the reading and writing of letters on the Roman comic stage through close study of the Plautine 'letter plays' (Bacchides, Curculio, Persa, Pseudolus and Trinummus).

CLASS 3002 History from/in the Arts (CUNY), M, 4:15 - 6:15, Liv Yarrow 
An investigation into how and why we today use literary and visual media when reconstructing the past and how this intersects with context and function of ancient artistic and literary production. 

CLASS-GA 3202 Workshop on Greek Sight Reading (CUNY), R, 4:15 - 6:15, Dee Clayman (1 Credit)
A knowledge of basic Greek grammar and vocabulary is assumed. The class will meet for 1.5 hours each week. Regular attendance is required. The instructor will bring to class each week texts selected from the works of authors on the reading list, with an emphasis on prose. Students will be challenged to translate them on the spot in writing, and discussion will follow of strategies for producing accurate and literal translations. The course is ideal for students preparing to take a Greek translation exam (MA of PhD), but any student enrolled in the MA or PhD in Classics, Ancient History, or Comparative Literature may register until the course limit is reached.

ISAW Courses

ISAW-GA 3012-001
 Sciences and Intellectual Life in the Second Century Roman Empire, M, 9:00 - 12:00, 
Alexander Jones & Claire Bubb

alexander.jones@nyu.edu; cc148@nyu.edu


This seminar will cover the wide range of intellectual activity in the Roman Empire in the second century AD. Though its literature has at times been dismissed as second-rate or derivative, the second century was home to some of the most prolific and influential writers in their fields in antiquity, especially in the sciences, making it a fertile period for the study of interdisciplinary cross-pollination. The social history of the period is also of rich interest, especially that around the Second Sophistic, a rhetorical movement that offers insights into the role of Greeks and Greekness in the Roman world, as well as the social and intellectual mores of the time. We will cover a variety of topics, including, potentially, philosophy, medicine, astronomy, miscellany, rhetoric and showmanship, and autobiography.



Knowledge of Ancient Greek and Latin and permission of the instructors are required.